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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Clinico-pathological Factors in Malignant Transformation of RRP.

Smile Kajal1, Aanchal Kakkar2, Farhat Naz3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) malignancy is not linked to specific pathological factors like p16 or VEGF. However, clinical factors such as age of onset and tracheobronchial involvement may contribute to disease progression.

Keywords:
HPV DNARecurrent respiratory papillomatosisVEGFp16

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease characterized by papilloma growth in the respiratory tract.
  • The potential for malignant transformation of RRP into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) necessitates understanding contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between clinico-pathological factors and malignant transformation in RRP.
  • To determine if p16 expression, VEGF levels, or HPV DNA concentration correlate with dysplasia or SCC in RRP patients.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological analysis of 20 RRP patient tissue samples, including p16 expression, VEGF estimation (tissue and serum), and HPV DNA concentration.
  • Correlation of pathological findings with clinical data such as age of onset, disease duration, and extent of disease.

Main Results:

  • Histopathology revealed squamous papilloma (60%), dysplasia (25%), and SCC (15%).
  • No significant association was found between p16, VEGF, or HPV DNA and histological groups.
  • Higher age of onset correlated with SCC (p=0.03), and tracheobronchial involvement with dysplasia (p=0.022).

Conclusions:

  • No single pathological factor appears solely responsible for malignant transformation in RRP.
  • Clinical factors like tracheobronchial involvement and age of onset may play a role in the development of dysplasia or carcinoma in RRP.