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Ex vivo storage of human osteochondral allografts: Long-term analysis over 300 days using a Ringer-based solution.

Zhida Jiang1, Jan-Dierk Clausen1, Denise Jahn2,3

  • 1Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ringer-based storage solution maintains osteochondral allograft (OCA) quality for 16 weeks, ensuring 70% chondrocyte survival. This finding supports OCA transplantation in regions lacking medium-based storage solutions.

Keywords:
cartilagegraft preservationosteochondral allograftstoragetransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomaterials science
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Large osteochondral defects pose significant orthopedic challenges, particularly for young patients.
  • Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a viable option, but graft storage is critical for maintaining cartilage integrity.
  • Current storage solutions have limitations, necessitating the exploration of alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a Ringer-based storage solution for preserving human osteochondral allografts (OCAs) after explantation.
  • To determine the maximum storage duration while maintaining adequate graft quality for transplantation.
  • To assess the suitability of this Ringer-based solution for OCA transplantation systems.

Main Methods:

  • Human knee and ankle osteochondral allografts were analyzed after storage.
  • Live/Dead analysis assessed chondrocyte viability.
  • Glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline content were measured to evaluate chondrocyte integrity.
  • Biomechanical tests (stress relaxation, elastic compression modulus) were performed.

Main Results:

  • A critical threshold of 70% viable chondrocytes (300 cells/mm²) was maintained for an average of 16 weeks.
  • Chondrocyte shrinkage was observed over time.
  • Glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline levels showed a slight, constant decrease but no significant differences up to 43 weeks.
  • Biomechanical properties remained stable across different storage durations.

Conclusions:

  • The Ringer-based storage solution at 4°C effectively preserves chondrocyte viability (≥70%) for up to 16 weeks.
  • This storage duration is comparable to existing solutions.
  • The Ringer-based solution offers a viable alternative for OCA transplantation systems, especially in regions where medium-based solutions are not approved.