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Microglial Activation Imaging Using ¹⁸F-DPA-714 PET/MRI for Detecting Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Min Zhang¹, Huanyu Meng¹, Qinming Zhou¹

¹From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (M.Z., H.C., Hongping Meng, Y.W., C.S., Y.X., W.H., B.L.) and Neurology (Huanyu Meng, Q.Z., L.H., S.C.), Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, China; Shanxi Medical University-Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Taiyuan, China (M.Z., B.L.); School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (H.W., Q.H.); and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China (S.C.).

|March 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorine 18 (18F) DPA-714 PET shows potential for detecting autoimmune encephalitis (AIE), visualizing microglial activation. This imaging tool may supplement MRI in AIE diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Nuclear Medicine
Neurology

Background:

Translocator protein (TSPO) PET visualizes microglial activation in neuroinflammation.
TSPO PET is a potential imaging tool for detecting autoimmune encephalitis (AIE).
Evaluating novel radioligands like 18F-DPA-714 for AIE diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the detection rate of 18F-DPA-714 PET versus conventional MRI in AIE.
To assess the relationship between 18F-DPA-714 uptake and clinical features in AIE patients.
To evaluate the utility of 18F-DPA-714 PET in monitoring treatment response in AIE.

Main Methods:

Prospective study including 25 AIE patients and 10 healthy controls.
Hybrid brain 18F-DPA-714 PET/MRI and antibody testing performed.
Clinical assessment included Modified Rankin Scale and symptom evaluation; detection defined by SUVR threshold.

Main Results:

18F-DPA-714 PET detected AIE in 72% of patients, compared to 44% with MRI (P=0.065).
Higher 18F-DPA-714 uptake (mean SUVR) observed in cortical regions of AIE patients with seizures (P=0.003).
11 of 13 AIE patients showed reduced 18F-DPA-714 uptake with symptom relief after treatment.

Conclusions:

18F-DPA-714 PET demonstrates potential as a supplementary tool for AIE detection.
TSPO PET may correlate with disease activity and clinical presentation in AIE.
18F-DPA-714 PET shows promise in monitoring therapeutic response in AIE.