Infectious hepatitis E virus excreted into the vagina

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Reproductive Health

Background:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is known to persist in the male genital tract, linked to infertility.
• The presence and impact of HEV in the female genital tract remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the presence of HEV in the female genital tract.
• To assess the replication, infectivity, and pathological effects of HEV in female reproductive tissues.

Main Methods:

• Samples including vaginal secretions, cervical smears, and cervix uteri were collected from women.
• HEV RNA and/or antigens were detected using molecular and immunological assays.
• In vitro infectivity assays and HEV-infected animal models (vaginal injection/mucosal infection) were utilized.

Main Results:

• HEV RNA and/or antigens were detected in vaginal secretions, cervical smears, and cervix uteri.
• HEV demonstrated infectivity in vitro and replicated within the female genital tract in animal models.
• Significant genital tract damage, inflammation, and elevated mucosal innate immunity were observed.

Conclusions:

• HEV actively replicates in the female genital tract.
• HEV infection leads to severe histopathological damage and inflammatory responses in the female reproductive system.
• These findings suggest HEV may pose risks to female reproductive health.