Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.2K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.2K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

7.9K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
7.9K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

6.0K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association of Protein C, but Not Protein S or Antithrombin With Ischemic Stroke: Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis·2026
Same author

Adenosine metabolism as an endogenous protective mechanism in response to upstream ischemic injury.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same author

Helical nanoplatelet superlattices assembled from green emissive CsPbI<sub>3</sub> nanoplatelets.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Targeting EHMT2 inhibition in glioblastoma: effects on tumor progression and STAT3 signaling.

Translational cancer research·2026
Same author

Association between the systemic inflammation response index and serum uric acid in acute traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Locus-Specific Convergent Evolution and Interchromosomal Rearrangements Contribute to the Diversification of Amniote Type I Interferons.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same journal

Molecularly engineered copper phthalocyanine enables flow-through electrocatalytic filtration for efficient bromate reduction.

Water research·2026
Same journal

Hydroxyapatite-facilitated microalgae-bacteria aggregates enable robust aeration-free nutrient removal from saline domestic wastewater.

Water research·2026
Same journal

From fixed to condition-dependent emission factors: probabilistic tabular learning for wastewater N<sub>2</sub>O inventories.

Water research·2026
Same journal

Carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry shapes divergent intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance gene fates through a dissolved organic matter-extracellular polymeric substance-mobile genetic element cascade in cyanobacteria-bacteria co-cultures.

Water research·2026
Same journal

Current progress in the analysis and control of organic contaminants in reverse osmosis concentrate from industrial wastewater zero liquid discharge: A comprehensive review.

Water research·2026
Same journal

Physics-informed graph inference and prediction for global state estimation in water distribution networks.

Water research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5&#8242;-Phosphate
08:25

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

Published on: April 6, 2022

1.9K

Blue-light irradiation induced partial nitrification.

Ru Zheng1, Yiming Feng1, Lingrui Kong1

  • 1College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China.

Water Research
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blue light significantly impacts nitrification, boosting ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and inhibiting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This reveals wavelength-specific effects on nitrogen cycling microbes.

Keywords:
Blue lightDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs)NitrifiersPartial nitrificationPhotoreceptor protein

More Related Videos

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.1K
In Vivo Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging
09:29

In Vivo Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2017

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5&#8242;-Phosphate
08:25

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

Published on: April 6, 2022

1.9K
Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.1K
In Vivo Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging
09:29

In Vivo Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2017

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sunlight's role in organismal processes is known, but specific light wavelength effects on nitrification remain unclear.
  • Nitrification, a key part of the nitrogen cycle, involves ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different light wavelengths (blue, red, white) on nitrification processes.
  • To understand the differential gene expression and physiological responses of nitrifying microorganisms to light exposure.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind light sensitivity in AOA, AOB, and NOB.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of nitrifying communities to controlled light conditions (blue, red, white light).
  • Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nitrifiers under different light treatments.
  • Assessment of microbial community structure, focusing on the relative abundance of AOA, AOB, and NOB.
  • Evaluation of metabolic pathways (e.g., TCA cycle) and cellular repair mechanisms (e.g., DNA repair, ROS scavenging).

Main Results:

  • Blue light (440-480 nm) induced the highest percentage of DEGs (over 60%) in nitrifiers compared to red (13.4%) or white light (20.3%).
  • Blue light promoted partial nitrification, driven by increased ammonium oxidation from AOA (relative abundance rose from 8.6% to 14.2%), supported by enhanced TCA cycle and DNA repair.
  • Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were severely inhibited by blue light due to newly identified blue light photoreceptors, while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) showed enhanced DNA repair capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Light wavelength critically influences nitrification, with blue light having distinct effects on different nitrifying microorganisms.
  • AOA exhibit enhanced metabolic and repair functions under blue light, promoting their role in partial nitrification.
  • NOB are sensitive to blue light, suggesting a novel photosensitivity mechanism that hinders their activity, impacting the nitrogen cycle in artificial systems.