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Related Concept Videos

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Updated: Jul 1, 2025

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Spray-type modifications: an emerging paradigm in post-translational modifications.

Yun-Bin Lee1, Hyun-Woo Rhee2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can occur non-specifically, termed spray-type PTMs. This challenges traditional sequence-specific views by proposing a mechanism based on substrate availability at enzyme active sites.

Keywords:
ADPRylationacylationpromiscuityproximityproximity labelingubiquitination

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for protein function.
  • Traditionally, PTMs were considered sequence-specific events.
  • Emerging evidence suggests non-sequence-specific PTMs occur within cellular compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile evidence for spray-type PTMs.
  • To propose a mechanism for non-sequence-specific PTMs.
  • To introduce a new conceptual framework for understanding PTMs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of PTM mechanisms.
  • Conceptual modeling of PTM writer activity.

Main Results:

  • Accumulated evidence supports the existence of spray-type PTMs.
  • A proposed mechanism involves the exposure of electrophilic substrates at PTM writer active sites.
  • Spray-type PTMs explain promiscuous writer events.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional sequence-specific model is insufficient to explain all PTMs.
  • A spray-type PTM framework provides a broader understanding of PTM regulation.
  • This framework aids in comprehending PTM events not explained by sequence specificity.