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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metagenomics
  • Mental health

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to gut microbiome alterations.
  • Understanding changes in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in MDD is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the alterations in gut CAZymes in patients with MDD.
  • To identify potential CAZyme-based biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and treatment prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic data analysis of 118 MDD patients and 118 healthy controls (HC).
  • Comparison of CAZyme profiles and diversity indexes between MDD and HC groups.
  • Development and validation of a CAZyme-based marker panel for discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in overall CAZyme signatures and alpha-diversity between MDD and HC groups.
  • MDD patients showed enrichment in Glycoside Hydrolases (GHs) and Polysaccharide Lyases (PLs).
  • A 9-CAZyme panel distinguished MDD from HC with an AUC of 0.824 and classified blinded samples with an AUC of 0.736.
  • Baseline levels of 4 CAZymes predicted antidepressant efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • MDD is associated with significant disturbances in gut CAZyme profiles.
  • CAZymes hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers for MDD.
  • CAZyme levels may predict antidepressant treatment outcomes.