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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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The structural-functional-connectivity coupling of the aging brain.

Hui Zhang1,2,3, Peng Cao4, Henry K F Mak4,5,6

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.

Geroscience
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Brain connectivity declines with age, impacting cognitive function. Cognitive reserve, influenced by education and brain health, may mitigate these age-related changes in healthy elders.

Keywords:
AgingCognitive reserveHarvard Aging Brain StudySmall vessel diseaseStructural–functional-connectivity coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Aging commonly impacts memory and executive functions.
  • Small vessel disease (SVD) is prevalent in older adults.
  • Neuropathologies explain <50% of age-related cognitive decline, suggesting other factors like cognitive reserve are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between structural-functional connectivity coupling (SFC), aging, cognitive abilities, cognitive reserve, and SVD in healthy elders.
  • To explore SFC as a biomarker for brain resilience against cognitive aging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cohort of 176 healthy elders from the Harvard Aging Brain Study.
  • Assessed structural-functional connectivity coupling (SFC), a measure of anatomical connections predicting neural activity.
  • Controlled for age, sex, and education, and analyzed SVD markers like white matter hyperintensities and microbleeds.

Main Results:

  • Global SFC and specific intra- and inter-network SFC decreased with age.
  • Global SFC correlated negatively with total cognitive scores.
  • Cognitive reserve (education) interacted with SVD markers (white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds) to influence inter-network SFC.
  • Enlarged perivascular spaces were linked to higher inter-network SFC.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive ability is associated with global brain coupling.
  • Cognitive reserve influences inter-network brain coupling, with SVD markers playing a moderating role.
  • SFC is a potential biomarker for understanding cognitive aging and resilience in healthy elders.