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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Regulation of insect behavior by non-coding RNAs.

Jing He1, Le Kang2,3,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Science China. Life Sciences
|March 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of insect behavior, influencing plasticity and homeostasis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how ncRNAs control diverse behaviors like movement, reproduction, and learning in various insect species.

Keywords:
environmental adaptationfine-tuninginsect behaviorncRNAsplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Neuroscience
  • * Entomology

Background:

  • * Insect adaptation to environments depends on complex behaviors regulated by molecular and physiological mechanisms.
  • * Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key players in controlling insect behaviors.
  • * ncRNAs are vital for behavioral plasticity and maintaining homeostasis by fine-tuning gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To comprehensively review the current understanding of ncRNA roles in regulating diverse insect behaviors.
  • * To elucidate the intricate mechanisms through which ncRNAs modulate physiological systems and gene expression.
  • * To highlight progress in studying ncRNA-mediated behaviors across various insect models.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of recent studies on ncRNAs and insect behavior.
  • * Synthesis of findings on ncRNA regulation of neural, motor, reproductive, and other physiological systems.
  • * Analysis of ncRNA mechanisms in model insects such as fruit flies, social insects, locusts, and mosquitos.

Main Results:

  • * ncRNAs significantly influence insect behaviors including flight, movement, social interactions, reproduction, learning, memory, and feeding.
  • * ncRNAs modulate gene expression critical for neural function, motor control, and reproductive physiology.
  • * Specific examples from fruit flies, social insects, locusts, and mosquitos illustrate ncRNA's broad impact.

Conclusions:

  • * ncRNAs are pivotal in regulating a wide spectrum of insect behaviors and physiological processes.
  • * Understanding ncRNA mechanisms provides insights into insect adaptation and homeostasis.
  • * Future research directions for ncRNA-mediated insect behaviors are identified.