[Regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and its emerging role in renal pathophysiology]

Mitochondria are dynamically changing organelles that maintain stable mitochondrial morphology, number, and function through constant fusion and division, a process known as mitochondrial dynamics, which is an important mechanism for mitochondrial quality control. Excessive fusion and division of mitochondria can lead to a homeostatic imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cellular damage, and even death. The physiological functions of the kidney are mainly powered by mitochondria, and homeostatic imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics affects mitochondrial function and is closely related to renal diseases such as acute kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy. This article reviews the regulation of mitochondrial kinetics, how imbalances in mitochondrial kinetic homeostasis affect mitochondrial injury, and the impact of mitochondrial injury on renal pathophysiology, in order to improve understanding and knowledge of the role of mitochondria in renal disease.