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Jonas Hertz1, Ulrik A Felding1, Karen Marie Thyssen Astvad2
1Øre-Næse-Hals Afdelingen, Københavns Universitetshospital - Nordsjællands Hospital.
Abstract:
External otitis (EO) is a common and often painful infection in the ear canal. This review provides an overview of the typical presentation, causes, complications, and treatment of EO. The condition is influenced by factors like pH levels, inflammation, and bacterial or fungal invasion. Most common bacteria involved are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and most common fungi are Aspergillus and Candida species. EO can lead to serious complications, such as necrotising EO, which requires prompt medical attention. Treatment involves local care, ear drops, and, in severe cases, systemic antibiotics.
Insights
External otitis (EO), a painful ear canal infection, is reviewed. It stems from factors like pH, inflammation, and microbial invasion, necessitating prompt treatment to prevent complications.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- External otitis (EO) is a prevalent and frequently painful infection affecting the ear canal.
- Understanding the multifactorial etiology of EO, including pH, inflammation, and microbial factors, is crucial for effective management.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current knowledge on the presentation, causes, complications, and treatment of external otitis.
- It examines the role of common bacterial pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and fungal agents such as Aspergillus and Candida species.
Key Points:
- Key factors influencing EO include altered pH, inflammation, and invasion by bacteria or fungi.
- Serious complications, such as necrotizing external otitis, demand urgent medical intervention.
- Treatment strategies range from topical therapies and ear drops to systemic antibiotics for severe infections.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of external otitis relies on accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, tailored to the specific causative agents and disease severity.
- Prompt recognition and management of complications are essential to prevent long-term sequelae.