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Linking ecosystem multifunctionality to microbial community features in rivers along a latitudinal gradient.

Miaomiao Cai1,2, Caifang Zhang1,3, Caroline Njambi Ndungu1,3

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Ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in river soils decreases with latitude, driven more by abiotic factors than microbial communities. Microbial richness declines at higher latitudes, while networks become more complex.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Ecosystem ecology
  • Riverine biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Microorganisms are key drivers of ecosystem functions, exhibiting distinct patterns along latitudinal gradients.
  • Latitudinal patterns of ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) and the role of microbial communities remain poorly understood in river systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the latitudinal patterns of EMF in riverine sediments and soils.
  • To determine the influence of microbial diversity and network complexity on EMF across a latitudinal gradient.
  • To identify key drivers (abiotic vs. microbial) of EMF variation in river ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Collected channel sediments, riparian rhizosphere soils, and riparian bulk soils from 30 rivers across China.
  • Calculated EMF using 18 variables covering nitrogen cycling, nutrient pools, plant productivity, and water quality.
  • Assessed microbial taxonomic and functional diversity and network complexity via metagenomic sequencing.

Main Results:

  • EMF significantly decreased with increasing latitude in riparian soils, but not in channel sediments.
  • Microbial taxonomic and functional richness were higher in low-latitude sediments; microbial networks were more complex at high latitudes.
  • Abiotic factors, particularly geographic and climatic variables, were stronger predictors of EMF than microbial parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Riverine EMF exhibits a clear latitudinal pattern in riparian soils, influenced by large-scale abiotic factors.
  • Microbial community structure and network complexity show distinct latitudinal shifts, but their direct impact on EMF is less pronounced than abiotic drivers.
  • This study highlights the importance of considering both microbial communities and abiotic factors to understand large-scale patterns of river ecosystem multifunctionality.