Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

Muscles of the Eye

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Roles of Quiet in Health Care Organizations.

AMA journal of ethics·2024

Same author

Opioid Epidemic Grief and Characterological Harm Reduction.

AMA journal of ethics·2024

Same author

Should We Think of Early Career Cheaters as Capable of Stewardship?

AMA journal of ethics·2024

Same author

Uptown Squirrel Does Not Eat That.

AMA journal of ethics·2024

Same author

You Are What You Eat . . . and What You Take Orally, Intravenously, or Topically.

AMA journal of ethics·2024

Same author

Lessons for Ethics From the Kingdom of Fungi.

AMA journal of ethics·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Virtual Eye Contact.

Christy A Rentmeester¹

¹Managing editor of the AMA Journal of Ethics.

AMA Journal of Ethics

|March 6, 2024

Summary

This study explores causation and nonarbitrariness using architectural and pop culture examples. It highlights parallels between intention and design in ethical and clinical contexts.

Area of Science:

Philosophy of Science
Medical Ethics
Cognitive Science

Background:

Causation and nonarbitrariness are critical concepts in ethical and clinical decision-making.
Existing frameworks may not fully capture the nuances of these concepts.
Popular culture and architectural principles offer novel perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine ethical and clinical characterizations of causation and nonarbitrariness.
To explore the utility of architectural analogies in understanding these concepts.
To investigate potential links between intention and design.

Main Methods:

Drawing upon architectural analogies.
Analyzing examples from popular culture.
Conceptual analysis of causation and nonarbitrariness.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Main Results:

Architectural analogies provide valuable insights into causation and nonarbitrariness.
Popular culture examples illustrate complex ethical and clinical scenarios.
Similarities were identified between the concepts of intention and design.

Conclusions:

The study suggests a novel approach to understanding causation and nonarbitrariness.
Architectural and cultural frameworks can enrich ethical and clinical reasoning.
The findings have implications for conceptualizing intention and design in practice.