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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Interplay Between Intracellular Transport Dynamics and Liquid‒Liquid Phase Separation.

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Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) involves biomolecules forming compartments. This study reveals how intracellular dynamics, like reduced diffusion and transport, regulate LLPS in living cells, impacting stress granule formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) forms membrane-less compartments crucial for biological functions and diseases.
  • Current LLPS understanding relies on in vitro studies, lacking insight into complex, non-equilibrium cellular environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular transport during physiological LLPS in living cells.
  • To elucidate the interplay between intracellular dynamics and the formation and regulation of stress granules (SGs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-particle tracking of quantum dots to monitor intracellular transport.
  • Employed dynamic monitoring of stress granule (SG) formation in single cells undergoing LLPS.

Main Results:

  • Quantified reduced intracellular diffusion and active transport during LLPS.
  • Observed increased spatial heterogeneity within cells due to SG droplet formation.
  • Demonstrated that reduced diffusion promotes SG assembly, while microtubule transport facilitates SG coalescence.

Conclusions:

  • Intracellular dynamics significantly regulate physiological LLPS in non-equilibrium cellular environments.
  • LLPS, specifically SG formation, is influenced by and influences cellular transport mechanisms.
  • This research deepens the understanding of LLPS mechanisms and the dynamic interplay within cells.