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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
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Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...

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Designing Silk-silk Protein Alloy Materials for Biomedical Applications
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PEI-based functional materials: Fabrication techniques, properties, and biomedical applications.

Nadia Fattahi1, Lena Gorgannezhad2, Shabnam Farkhonde Masoule3

  • 1Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|March 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Polyethyleneimines (PEIs) are versatile cationic polymers with tunable properties for biomedical uses. This review highlights PEI-based nanomaterials, focusing on their transfection efficiency and safety for future applications.

Keywords:
Biodegradable polyethyleneimineBiosensorCationic polymerDrug deliveryGene deliveryImagingTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cationic polymers, particularly polyethyleneimines (PEIs), are gaining traction for industrial and biomedical applications due to their positive charges and modifiable properties.
  • PEIs offer advantages like flexible chains, broad molecular weight distribution, and customizable structures for functional composites.
  • Their beneficial attributes include biocompatibility, distinct geometry, and potential for enhanced functionality through modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanomaterials.
  • To discuss the transfection efficiency and toxicity profiles of PEI-based nanomaterials.
  • To highlight the potential and suitability of PEIs for diverse applications in biotechnology, medicine, and bioscience.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on PEI-based nanomaterials.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of PEI derivatives.
  • Discussion of functionalization strategies and application-specific performance of PEI nanomaterials.

Main Results:

  • PEI-based nanomaterials demonstrate significant potential in various biomedical fields.
  • Advances in PEI functionalization allow for tailored properties, improving performance and reducing toxicity.
  • Transfection efficiency and biocompatibility are key factors influencing PEI application suitability.

Conclusions:

  • Polyethyleneimines are promising polycations for developing advanced nanomaterials in bioscience and medicine.
  • Further research into PEI modification and application-specific design is crucial for next-generation materials.
  • PEI-based nanomaterials offer a platform for innovative solutions in biotechnology and healthcare.