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Updated: Jul 1, 2025
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Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
Published on: March 23, 2015
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Mitochondrial ATP generation is more proteome efficient than glycolysis
Yihui Shen1,2, Hoang V Dinh3, Edward R Cruz2,4
1Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Nature Chemical Biology
|March 6, 2024
Summary
Metabolic efficiency impacts fitness. Contrary to popular belief, mitochondrial respiration is more proteome-efficient than aerobic glycolysis, which supports growth in low-oxygen conditions.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic biochemistry
- Cellular metabolism
- Biophysics
Background:
- Metabolic efficiency is crucial for organismal fitness.
- Nonphotosynthetic organisms utilize glycolysis and respiration for energy.
- Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) is favored by some cells despite oxygen availability, theorized to be faster ATP production.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the proteome efficiency of aerobic glycolysis versus mitochondrial respiration.
- To determine the role of aerobic glycolysis in cellular adaptation and growth.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative flux analysis
- Proteomics
- In vivo and in vitro studies across various organisms (yeast, T cells, cancer cells, tissues)
Main Results:
- Mitochondrial respiration demonstrates higher proteome efficiency than aerobic glycolysis.
- Aerobic glycolysis correlates with high glycolytic protein expression, promoting hypoxic growth.
- Aerobic glycolytic yeasts show superior growth during oxygen limitation compared to aerobic growth.
Conclusions:
- Aerobic glycolysis is not primarily for rapid ATP production but facilitates growth under hypoxia.
- Cells may adopt aerobic glycolysis to maintain a proteome suitable for both aerobic and hypoxic environments.
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