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Force attenuation performance in sandwich structures with STF and M-STF encapsulation.

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Heliyon
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Adding shear thickening fluids (STFs) and multi-functional STFs to sandwich structures enhances force attenuation. Optimized core geometries, like H6_STF_CNT, showed significant improvements in energy absorption, demonstrating potential for advanced protective materials.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Sandwich structures with aluminum facesheets and XPS foam cores are utilized for their lightweight and insulating properties.
  • Enhancing the force attenuation capabilities of these structures is crucial for impact resistance applications.
  • Shear thickening fluids (STFs) and their multi-functional variants (M-STFs) offer tunable properties for impact mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of incorporating STFs and M-STFs into different core geometries of aluminum/XPS foam sandwich structures.
  • To evaluate the force attenuation performance of these modified composite structures under impact loading.
  • To assess the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on STF properties and their contribution to enhanced performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of STF (40 wt% SiO2 in PEG 400) and M-STFs (with up to 1.5 wt% MWCNTs).
  • Machining of six different XPS foam core geometries for sandwich structures.
  • Characterization of rheological and electrical properties of STFs and M-STFs.
  • Impact drop tower testing at 5, 10, and 15 J energy levels to measure force attenuation.

Main Results:

  • V6_STF and H6_STF core designs exhibited superior force attenuation compared to other geometries.
  • Incorporating M-STF (0.5 wt% MWCNT) into the H6_STF structure (H6_STF_CNT) further improved force attenuation by 24.8% over the baseline.
  • MWCNTs addition modified the rheological and electrical properties of the STF.

Conclusions:

  • STFs and M-STFs significantly enhance the force attenuation performance of aluminum/XPS foam sandwich structures.
  • Optimized core geometry is critical for maximizing the benefits of STFs and M-STFs.
  • These modified sandwich structures show promise for applications requiring high impact energy absorption.