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Updated: Jul 1, 2025

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
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Prolonged theoretical classes impact students' perceptions: an observational study.

Petra Kotnik1, Bart Roelands2, Špela Bogataj3,4

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Novo Mesto, Novo Mesto, Slovenia.

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|March 7, 2024
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Summary

University students experience significant mental fatigue (MF) and sleepiness during long classes, which a break can temporarily reduce. Inadequate sleep exacerbates MF, highlighting the need for cognitive workload management strategies.

Keywords:
boredommental fatiguesleepinesstheoretical classesuniversity students

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Educational psychology
  • Human factors

Background:

  • Mental fatigue (MF) impacts cognitive performance during demanding tasks.
  • University students are a population at risk for MF due to academic pressures.
  • Prolonged theoretical classes can induce significant mental fatigue, boredom, and sleepiness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of prolonged theoretical classes on student mental fatigue, boredom, and sleepiness.
  • To assess the effect of a mid-class break on these subjective experiences.
  • To explore the relationship between prior sleep quality and initial mental fatigue levels.

Main Methods:

  • A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze subjective experiences.
  • 27 first-year physiotherapy students participated in a 4-hour theoretical class with a 20-minute break.
  • Subjective assessments of mental fatigue, boredom, and sleepiness were recorded at various time points.

Main Results:

  • Mental fatigue and sleepiness significantly increased during class sessions.
  • A mid-class break led to significant decreases in mental fatigue and sleepiness.
  • Boredom levels significantly increased during the latter part of the class.
  • Inadequate prior sleep correlated with higher initial mental fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged theoretical classes significantly impact students' mental fatigue and sleepiness.
  • Incorporating breaks can temporarily mitigate the negative effects of cognitive load.
  • Adequate sleep and effective break strategies are crucial for academic performance and well-being.
  • Further research is needed to develop interventions for managing cognitive workload in academic settings.