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Monkeypox: Immune response, vaccination and preventive efforts.

Youdiil Ophinni1,2, Andri Frediansyah3, Salin Sirinam4

  • 1Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.

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The 2022 monkeypox outbreak highlights emerging infectious threats. This review details the virus, focusing on immune responses, evasion tactics, and vaccination strategies against monkeypox.

Keywords:
MPXVMonkeypox virusemerging viral infectious diseaseoutbreakzoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2022 monkeypox outbreak rapidly spread globally, causing significant public health concern.
  • Monkeypox, while often self-limiting, can lead to severe symptoms and complications.
  • Existing smallpox countermeasures show potential for monkeypox prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of the current knowledge on monkeypox virus.
  • To focus on the innate immune response to monkeypox virus.
  • To explore monkeypox immune evasion mechanisms and vaccination strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on monkeypox.
  • Analysis of the innate immune response pathways involved.
  • Examination of viral immune evasion strategies.
  • Assessment of current and potential vaccination approaches.

Main Results:

  • Monkeypox virus poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding innate immunity is crucial for combating the virus.
  • Viral immune evasion complicates disease control.
  • Smallpox vaccines offer a viable prevention method.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to fully understand monkeypox immunity and evasion.
  • Effective vaccination strategies are key to controlling the outbreak.
  • Continued vigilance and research are necessary for managing infectious threats like monkeypox.