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Endothelial Dysfunction in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Harapriya Das1, Amit Satapathy1, Joseph John1
1Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Cureus
|March 7, 2024
Summary
Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) show persistent dyslipidemia during remission and a trend towards lower Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI), indicating potential early vascular changes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in pediatric NS patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Health
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) face increased cardiovascular risks.
- Limited research exists on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in pediatric NS.
- Identifying predictive risk factors for premature atherosclerosis in these children is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess arterial stiffness and endothelial function in children with NS.
- To measure carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).
- To predict the risk of premature atherosclerosis in pediatric NS patients compared to controls.
Main Methods:
- Enrolled 33 children with NS in remission (ages 2-14) and 39 healthy controls.
- Collected patient history, conducted physical examinations, and performed anthropometric measurements.
- Measured cIMT, FMD, and other physiological parameters, including Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI).
Main Results:
- Over 50% of children with NS exhibited dyslipidemia during remission.
- No significant differences were found in mean cIMT or FMD between NS patients and controls.
- A trend towards a lower RHI was observed in children with NS.
Conclusions:
- Dyslipidemia is prevalent in children with nephrotic syndrome even in remission.
- While cIMT and FMD showed no significant differences, RHI was notably lower in the NS group.
- These findings suggest potential subclinical vascular alterations in pediatric NS, warranting further investigation.
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