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Role of forkhead box protein 2 (FOXP2) in oral-motor abilities of preterm infants: A brief literature review

Mauliza Mauliza1, Herlina Dimiati2, Muslim Akmal3

  • 1Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Narra J
|March 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Preterm infants face feeding challenges due to immature systems. Forkhead box protein 2 (FOXP2) plays a key role in developing oral-motor skills, crucial for feeding and potentially predicting language development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Development
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Nutrition

Background:

  • Preterm infants (born <37 weeks gestation) have limited nutrient stores and immature gastrointestinal systems, leading to feeding difficulties and growth deficits.
  • Delayed enteral nutrition and feeding issues in preterm infants contribute to morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased costs.
  • While infants born after 32 weeks gestation typically develop oral feeding skills, mastery of sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination can take weeks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of forkhead box protein 2 (FOXP2) in the development of oral-motor skills in preterm infants.
  • To explore the connection between FOXP2, oral feeding, sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, and language development in premature infants.
  • To highlight oral-motor skill development as a potential early predictor for language delay in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on FOXP2 expression and its relation to sensorimotor skills.
  • Analysis of studies examining oral feeding, sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, and language development in preterm infants.
  • Integration of findings on brain network circuits involved in motor coordination and skill acquisition.

Main Results:

  • FOXP2-expressing neurons in cortical, basal ganglia, thalamic, and cerebellar regions are integral to motor coordination and sensorimotor skill learning.
  • These neural circuits are essential for the development of oral-motor functions critical for feeding in preterm infants.
  • Disruptions or delays in these pathways may impact the acquisition of these skills.

Conclusions:

  • FOXP2 is a critical factor in the development of oral-motor skills, including feeding and coordinated breathing, in preterm infants.
  • The development of oral-motor skills may serve as an early indicator for potential language delays in premature infants.
  • Understanding FOXP2's role can inform interventions to support feeding and communication development in vulnerable preterm populations.

Keywords:
FOXP2feedingoral-motor abilityprematuritypreterm infant

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