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Related Concept Videos

Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.4K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

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Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.3K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation02:34

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

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Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

3.3K
Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
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Revisiting Alternating Current Electrolysis for Organic Synthesis.

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Current Opinion in Electrochemistry
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This review covers recent progress in alternating current (AC)-driven electroorganic synthesis. AC electrolysis enables novel organic transformations and unique reactivities, expanding synthetic chemistry possibilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Electroorganic synthesis offers sustainable routes for chemical transformations.
  • Alternating current (AC) electrolysis presents unique advantages over direct current (DC) methods.
  • Recent years have seen significant innovation in AC-driven electroorganic synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in AC-driven electroorganic synthesis since 2021.
  • To highlight the unique reactivities enabled by AC electrolysis.
  • To showcase novel organic transformations achieved through AC methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research published from 2021 onwards.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms and outcomes in AC electroorganic synthesis.
  • Identification of key trends and emerging applications.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in applying AC electrolysis to diverse organic reactions.
  • Demonstration of unique reactivity patterns and selectivities achievable with AC.
  • Emergence of new synthetic methodologies and transformations.
  • Increased efficiency and sustainability in electroorganic synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • AC-driven electroorganic synthesis is a rapidly advancing field.
  • AC electrolysis provides a powerful platform for developing novel and efficient organic transformations.
  • Further exploration of AC methods promises to expand the scope of synthetic chemistry.