Primary congenital glaucoma in two siblings with different compound heterozygous CYP1B1 genotypes

To describe the inheritance pattern and clinical variability of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in a family with two affected siblings.

Two sisters diagnosed at birth with bilateral PCG, whose father had bilateral PCG and mother had bilateral microphthalmus, were subjected to a familial genetic study and ophthalmologic follow-up including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and collection of biometric and cup-to-disc ratio data.

The inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive in compound heterozygosis. The sisters were found to be carriers of three pathogenic allele variants of the CYP1B1 gene: c.317C>A (p.Ala106Asp) and c.1345delG (p.Asp449MetfsTer8) in one patient (10 years) and c.1345delG (p.Asp449MetfsTer8) and c.202_209delCAGGCGGC (p.Gln68Serfs153Ter) in her older sister (12 years). Surgical histories included: three goniotomies and two Ahmed valves in each eye, and two trabeculectomies and a pupilloplasty in the right eye in the 10-year old; and one goniotomy, trabeculectomy and three Ahmed valves in each eye in the older sister. Currently, both sisters have a controlled intraocular pressure of 18-20 mmHg in both eyes. The father is blind in both eyes and carries two variants c.317C>A (p.Ala106Asp) and c.202_209delCAGGCGGC (p.Gln68Serfs153Ter). The mother with a single variant c.1345delG (p.Asp440MetfsTer8) has a prosthetic right eye and microphthalmus left eye.

The sisters were found to show two different allelic CYP1B1 variants (compound heterozygosis) with different repercussions on the clinical severity of PCG. These findings highlight the importance of genetic screening of affected families.