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Related Concept Videos

Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

321
Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
321
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

108
Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
108
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

285
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
285
Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

210
Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
210
Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

95
Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
95
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

255
Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
255

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Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry
12:49

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Published on: April 8, 2011

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Paste, aggregate, or air? That is the question.

Ekaterina Ossetchkina1, Oleksiy Chernoloz1, Lucas Herzog Bromerchenkel2

  • 1Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Microscopy
|March 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Gordie Howe International Bridge uses advanced automated methods to assess air entrainment in concrete, ensuring durability. This study demonstrates a new neural network approach for automated paste content determination in large-scale infrastructure projects.

Keywords:
Pythonair voidsconcreteimage processingmachine learningneural networks

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Construction Technology

Background:

  • The Gordie Howe International Bridge, a significant North American infrastructure project, requires durable concrete for its harsh environment.
  • Traditional methods for assessing concrete quality, like air entrainment, can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the application of ASTM C 457 Procedure C, Contrast Enhanced Method for air void assessment in the Gordie Howe International Bridge project.
  • To demonstrate a novel approach for automated paste content determination using recorded data from manual point counts and neural network training.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the ASTM C 457 Procedure C, Contrast Enhanced Method for automated microscopic analysis of air voids in hardened concrete.
  • Employed digital image processing for air void characteristic determination.
  • Recorded digital image coordinates and phase identifications during manual point counts to train a neural network for automated paste content analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully applied automated air void assessment on a large scale for North American infrastructure.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of training a neural network for automated paste content determination, complementing traditional methods.
  • Ensured the quality of air entrainment in concrete crucial for the bridge's durability in a freeze-thaw environment.

Conclusions:

  • The automated microscopic approach for air void assessment, as per ASTM C 457 Procedure C, is effective for large-scale infrastructure.
  • The developed neural network offers a promising method for automated paste content determination, enhancing quality control in concrete construction.
  • This integrated approach ensures the long-term durability of critical infrastructure like the Gordie Howe International Bridge.