Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

352
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
352
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.2K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.2K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

1.6K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
1.6K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

956
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
956
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.8K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

430
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
430

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neural circuit models for evidence accumulation through choice-selective sequences.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Lyapunov theory demonstrating a fundamental limit on the speed of systems consolidation.

Physical review research·2025
Same author

Remote activation of place codes by gaze in a highly visual animal.

Nature·2025
Same author

Synaptic weight dynamics underlying memory consolidation: Implications for learning rules, circuit organization, and circuit function.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

NeuroRoots, a bio-inspired, seamless brain machine interface for long-term recording in delicate brain regions.

AIP advances·2024
Same author

Context-dependence of deterministic and nondeterministic contributions to closed-loop steering control.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices
09:30

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices

Published on: October 16, 2019

7.0K

Interactions between circuit architecture and plasticity in a closed-loop cerebellar system.

Hannah L Payne1, Jennifer L Raymond2, Mark S Goldman3,4

  • 1Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.

Elife
|March 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Understanding motor learning requires identifying neural plasticity. This study shows how feedback loops can obscure the direction of plasticity, reconciling debates in cerebellum-dependent motor learning.

Keywords:
cerebellumfeedbackneuroscienceplasticityrhesus macaque

More Related Videos

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

15.4K
Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices
09:30

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices

Published on: October 16, 2019

7.0K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

15.4K
Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Learning
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Identifying neural plasticity is crucial for understanding learning mechanisms.
  • Feedback pathways in neural circuits complicate the interpretation of cause and effect.
  • Disagreement exists regarding the specific sites and directions of plasticity in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of feedback strength on neural activity and plasticity during motor learning.
  • To resolve conflicting hypotheses about the loci and directions of plasticity in VOR learning.
  • To develop a framework for experimentally distinguishing between different models of learning-related plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of computational circuit models with varying recurrent feedback strengths.
  • Fitting models to a comprehensive dataset of neural and behavioral recordings from a closed-loop motor learning task.
  • Analysis of predicted plasticity patterns across models with different feedback configurations.

Main Results:

  • All models successfully explained observed neural and behavioral data, despite differing feedback strengths.
  • The predicted direction of plasticity at a critical site reversed (from depression to potentiation) with increasing feedback.
  • This demonstrates how feedback can create apparent contradictions between neural activity changes and underlying synaptic plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • The study reconciles a long-standing debate in cerebellum-dependent motor learning.
  • It suggests that changes in synaptic input strength to Purkinje cells are compatible with opposing changes in Purkinje cell firing.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of feedback in interpreting neural plasticity during learning and behavior.