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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Sister chromatid cohesion halts DNA loop expansion.

Nathalie Bastié1, Christophe Chapard2, Axel Cournac2

  • 1Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.

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Summary

Sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) acts as a barrier to the expansion of DNA loops formed by cohesin complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes during the G2/M stage.

Keywords:
S. cerevisiaeSCCSMCchromatin loopcohesinloop extrusionmitosisroadblocksegregationyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes are organized into DNA loops by structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes, including cohesin, condensin, and Smc5/6.
  • This genome organization is crucial for regulating DNA processes like transcription, recombination, segregation, and repair throughout the cell cycle.
  • In the G2 phase, SMC-mediated DNA loops coexist with cohesin complexes responsible for sister chromatid cohesion (SCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) and the formation of SMC-mediated DNA loops.
  • To determine how SCC influences cohesin-mediated DNA loop formation during the G2/M phase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism.
  • Investigated the interplay between sister chromatid cohesion and cohesin-mediated DNA loop dynamics during the G2/M cell cycle stages.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) acts as a significant barrier to the expansion of cohesin-mediated DNA loops.
  • Showed this effect specifically occurs along Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes during the G2/M phase.

Conclusions:

  • Sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) restricts the spatial organization of cohesin-mediated DNA loops.
  • This finding clarifies a key aspect of genome architecture regulation during cell division in eukaryotes.