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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Alternative splicing decouples local from global PRC2 activity.

Niccolò Arecco1, Ivano Mocavini2, Enrique Blanco2

  • 1Systems and Synthetic Biology Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.

Molecular Cell
|March 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative splicing of SUZ12 generates two isoforms, SUZ12-S and SUZ12-L, which regulate Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) assembly and function. These isoforms impact gene silencing and cellular differentiation.

Keywords:
H3K27me3PRC2PanASSUZ12alternative splicingdimerizationgene silencingneuronal differentiationpolycombstem cells

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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for epigenetic gene silencing via H3K27 methylation.
  • PRC2 exists in subtypes (PRC2.1, PRC2.2) with distinct functions, but assembly mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of alternative splicing in PRC2 assembly and function.
  • To characterize the function of a novel SUZ12 isoform.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SUZ12 alternative splicing.
  • Biochemical assays to study PRC2 complex formation and activity.
  • Gene silencing assays in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs).

Main Results:

  • Identified a new SUZ12 isoform, SUZ12-S, alongside the canonical SUZ12-L.
  • SUZ12-S promotes PRC2.1 formation and dimerization, while SUZ12-L maintains global H3K27 methylation.
  • Both isoforms are essential for ESC pluripotency and neuronal differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing of SUZ12 provides a mechanism for regulating PRC2 assembly and activity.
  • Differential functions of SUZ12-S and SUZ12-L impact gene repression and cellular identity.