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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Coagulation01:09

Coagulation

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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Ischaemic Stroke, Thromboembolism and Clot Structure.

Katherine Stanton1, Helen Philippou1, Robert As Ariëns1

  • 1Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Neuroscience
|March 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Blood clots in ischaemic stroke patients are denser and resist breakdown. While in vitro studies show consistent changes, ex vivo clot composition varies, impacting diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
clot structurefibrinogenfibrinolysisstrokethrombectomythromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Blood clotting and thromboembolism are key to stroke development.
  • Recent research highlights altered blood clot structure and composition in stroke patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss blood clot structure, function, and composition in ischaemic stroke.
  • To explore the relationship between clot characteristics and clinical diagnosis.
  • To examine the implications for treatment options like thrombolysis and thrombectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of in vitro clot structure from patient plasma samples.
  • Ex vivo analysis of thrombi retrieved during thrombectomy procedures.
  • Discussion of mechanisms influencing clot composition, including neutrophil extracellular traps and clot contraction.

Main Results:

  • In vitro clot structure from ischaemic stroke patients consistently shows denser clots, more resistant to fibrinolysis.
  • Ex vivo clot composition and architecture data from thrombectomy retrieval are more variable.
  • Neutrophil extracellular traps and clot contraction influence clot architecture.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro findings suggest consistent alterations in clot structure in ischaemic stroke patients.
  • Variability in ex vivo clot data necessitates further investigation.
  • Future research using advanced imaging and retrieval technologies will enhance understanding for diagnosis and treatment.