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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Advanced Technologies in Radiation Research.

Carmen I Rios1, Andrea L DiCarlo1, Lynn Harrison2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced technologies like CRISPR and AI accelerate radiation research. Experts convened to share data and methods for diagnosing and treating radiation injury, aiming to speed FDA approval for new medical products.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Medical Countermeasures

Background:

  • The U.S. Government supports research into the biological effects of radiation exposure.
  • A workshop on Advanced Technologies in Radiation Research (ATRR) was convened in August 2023.
  • Experts from government, industry, and academia participated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess advanced technologies for accelerating radiation research.
  • To foster collaboration and data sharing within the radiation research community.
  • To identify research gaps and solutions for advancing medical products.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of advanced technologies including CRISPR gene editing, tissue chips, AI, and immersive imaging.
  • Assessment of acute and delayed effects of radiation exposure.
  • Sharing of data, methodologies, and challenges among experts.

Main Results:

  • Exploration of novel approaches to diagnose and treat radiation injury across various tissues (bone marrow, skin, lung, GI tract).
  • Identification of key technological advancements relevant to radiation countermeasure development.
  • Facilitation of a dialogue to address scientific questions and research gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced technologies offer significant potential to accelerate radiation research.
  • Collaboration and data sharing are crucial for developing effective radiation injury countermeasures.
  • Harnessing new tools and methods will aid in advancing medical products toward FDA approval.