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This study explores practical wisdom, or phronesis, in medicine. Exemplary physicians demonstrate clinical phronesis through character, know-how, attentiveness, complex reasoning, and intuition in patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Philosophy of Medicine
  • Clinical Practice Research

Background:

  • Phronesis, or practical wisdom, guides judgment in complex situations.
  • While crucial in medicine for ethical decision-making and critiquing practice, empirical studies on phronesis are scarce.
  • Existing research often views medical phronesis as a mere application of scientific knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the manifestation of phronesis in the clinical practice of physicians.
  • To explore the nature and role of practical wisdom in everyday medical encounters.
  • To propose a framework for understanding phronesis within medical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a hermeneutic and phenomenological research approach.
  • Analyzed the clinical practice narratives of eleven exemplary physicians.
  • Utilized qualitative methods to explore lived experiences and practical reasoning.

Main Results:

  • Identified five key themes: physician ethos, clinical habitus (know-how), patient attentiveness, complex reasoning, and embodied perceptions (intuition).
  • Highlighted the contingent nature of clinical situations and the importance of hermeneutic thinking.
  • Emphasized tacit knowledge, caring relations, and the nuanced aspects of clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Deepened understanding of phronesis within medical contexts.
  • Proposed 'Clinical phronesis' as a term to describe practical wisdom in physicians' daily work.
  • Underscored the significance of character, relationality, and nuanced judgment in effective medical practice.