Correlates of protection and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections 1 year after third dose vaccination
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron, correlate with protection from COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Booster vaccinations and prior infection enhance this protection, highlighting the importance of boosters for unvaccinated individuals.
Area Of Science
- Immunology
- Virology
- Vaccinology
Background
- Waning immunity and new SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., Omicron) raise concerns about COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.
- Antibody response correlates with protection against earlier variants, but its role against Omicron remains unclear.
Purpose Of The Study
- Evaluate antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Wuhan, variants of concern) after a third mRNA vaccine dose.
- Determine the role of these antibodies in preventing breakthrough infections in healthcare workers.
- Analyze factors influencing antibody levels and protection.
Main Methods
- Luminex assay to measure antibody levels (IgG, IgA) against spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens.
- Followed a cohort of 393 Spanish healthcare workers for 1 year post-third vaccine dose.
- Collected data on COVID-19 history, demographics, comorbidities, vaccination details, and adverse events.
Main Results
- Higher anti-S IgG and IgA levels correlated with protection against Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infections.
- Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted antibody levels and protection; recent infection duration impacted protection.
- Heterologous vaccination (BNT162b2 prime, mRNA-1273 boost) yielded higher antibody responses than homologous mRNA-1273.
Conclusions
- Vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity IgG and IgA are protective correlates against Omicron BA.1, despite immune escape.
- Heterologous vaccination strategies enhance antibody responses.
- Booster vaccination is crucial, especially for individuals without recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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