Numerical study of copper antimony sulphide (CuSbS₂) solar cell by SCAPS-1D

Copper antimony sulphide thin films are promising, less toxic, and more absorbent material in the world, and they would be good to be applied in photovoltaic energy production. To better operations of copper antimony sulphide (CuSbS₂) photovoltaic cells, this paper uses a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to simulate and analyze photovoltaic properties. This article examines different thicknesses of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), cadmium sulphide (CdS), carbon (C), and CuSbS₂, as well as the defect and dopant concentration in the CuSbS₂ photoactive layer of the photovoltaic cell structure glass/FTO/n-CdS/p-CuSbS₂/C/Au. Optimum thicknesses of CuSbS₂ is 300 nm, carbon hole transport layer (HTL) is 50 nm, and for n-CdS electron transport layer (ETL) is 100 nm, giving open circuit Voltage (Voc) of 0.9389 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.32 mA/cm², fill factor (FF) of 60.8% and solar cell efficiency of 16.17%. The increase in defects causes a decrease of carrier lifetime resulting in to decrease in diffusion length and the optimum absorber layer doping concentration was found to be 10¹⁸ cm^-3.