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Undiagnosed cardiovascular risk factors including elevated lipoprotein(a) in patients with ischaemic heart disease
Fionn Chua1, Audrey Lam2, Ying Hui Mak2
1Dietetics Department, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Frontiers in Epidemiology
|March 8, 2024
Summary
Many patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) have undiagnosed cardiovascular risks like high cholesterol and hypertension. Early detection of elevated lipoprotein(a) and lifestyle changes are crucial for managing IHD.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of mortality globally.
- Cardiovascular risk factors often remain undiagnosed in patients with established IHD.
- Identifying these factors is crucial for secondary prevention and improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular risk factors in patients with IHD.
- To compare the prevalence of newly diagnosed risk factors between patients with newly diagnosed IHD and known IHD.
- To assess the role of elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], smoking, and dietary habits in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 555 consenting patients admitted to the hospital with IHD.
- Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), elevated Lp(a), smoking status, and dietary intake.
- Comparison of clinical information and risk factor prevalence between newly diagnosed IHD and known IHD groups.
Main Results:
- Significant proportions of patients had newly diagnosed hypertension (13.3%), hypercholesterolemia (14.8%), and T2DM (5%).
- Newly diagnosed IHD patients showed higher rates of new hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and T2DM diagnoses compared to known IHD patients.
- Elevated Lp(a) (≥120 nmol/L) was found in 15.6% of patients, with none previously diagnosed. Over 50% had suboptimal dietary intake, though known IHD patients had better omega-3 supplement intake.
Conclusions:
- There is a need for increased screening to diagnose chronic metabolic diseases in high-risk IHD patients.
- Cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated Lp(a), smoking, and poor diet require greater attention in IHD management.
- Early identification and intervention for these risk factors can potentially reduce cardiovascular events and improve prognosis in IHD patients.
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