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Chemically Enhanced Convective Dissolution of CO_{2}.

R Tanaka1, C Almarcha2, Y Nagatsu1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.

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Chemical reactions significantly boost carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) dissolution during geological storage. Adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the aqueous solution increased the CO_{2} plume velocity tenfold in experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Carbon Capture and Storage

Background:

  • Convective dissolution is a key mechanism for geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO_{2}).
  • This process involves CO_{2} dissolving into an aqueous solution, forming a denser liquid that sinks, driving further dissolution.
  • Chemical reactions within the aqueous phase can potentially enhance the rate of convective dissolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the impact of chemical reactions on CO_{2} convective dissolution.
  • To quantify the enhancement in plume velocity due to chemical reactions.
  • To validate a model predicting the observed effects without adjustable parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted in a cylindrical container filled with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.
  • Supercritical or gaseous CO_{2} was introduced to initiate convective dissolution.
  • Measurements of plume velocity were performed under varying conditions, including the presence and absence of NaOH.

Main Results:

  • The presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) significantly enhanced the convective dissolution process.
  • Experimental measurements showed a tenfold increase in plume velocity compared to dissolution in a solution without NaOH.
  • A predictive model accurately reproduced the experimental results without requiring parameter adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical reactions, specifically with NaOH, dramatically accelerate CO_{2} convective dissolution.
  • This finding has significant implications for improving the efficiency and safety of geological CO_{2} storage.
  • The validated model provides a reliable tool for predicting CO_{2} behavior in geological formations.