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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

158
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
158
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

369
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

496
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
496
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.5K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

43.5K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
43.5K
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

292
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
292

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Optimising health after early menopause.

Gita D Mishra1, Melanie C Davies2, Sarah Hillman3

  • 1Australian Women and Girls' Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Early menopause, occurring before age 40-44, increases chronic disease risk and requires better clinical guidance. Viewing early menopause as a spectrum can improve diagnosis and management for women

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Menopause typically occurs around age 50-51.
  • Early menopause (ages 40-44) affects 8-12% of women globally.
  • Premature ovarian insufficiency (before age 40) affects an additional 2-4% of women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the health risks associated with early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency.
  • To address the gap in clinical guidance for early menopause.
  • To propose a spectrum-based approach for managing early menopause.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence on short-term and long-term consequences of early menopause.
  • Development of a practical framework for clinical diagnosis and management.
  • Consideration of symptoms, patient age, medical history, and individual priorities.

Main Results:

  • Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency are linked to increased risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
  • Women experiencing early menopause may face psychological distress and feel unsupported.
  • Existing guidelines primarily address premature ovarian insufficiency, leaving a gap for early menopause.

Conclusions:

  • Early menopause should be viewed on a continuum rather than by strict age thresholds.
  • A personalized management framework is proposed to optimize quality of life and health outcomes.
  • Further research is recommended to address current evidence gaps in early menopause.