Examining Patterns and Predictors of ADHD Teens' Skill-Learning Trajectories During Enhanced FOrward Concentration...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Psychology
• Traffic Safety

Background:

• Enhanced Forward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL+) is a training program designed to reduce off-road glances in teenage drivers using real-time error learning.
• Previous research demonstrated that FOCAL+ training led to significant reductions in extended glances (>2-s) and a 40% decrease in crash/near-crash risk among teens with ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the patterns and predictors of skill acquisition during multisession FOCAL+ training.
• To assess the immediate and long-term effectiveness of FOCAL+ in reducing long-glances among teen drivers with ADHD.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled trial involving 152 licensed teen drivers (ages 16-19) with ADHD.
• Participants were assigned to either FOCAL+ or modified standard driver training for five sessions.
• Driving performance was assessed via simulation at baseline, after each session, and at 1 and 6 months post-training, with 1-year naturalistic driving monitoring.

Main Results:

• FOCAL+ training achieved a maximal 53% reduction in long-glances during post-session simulated driving.
• The number of sessions required for maximum performance varied, but long-glance frequency was comparable after five sessions regardless of when peak performance was reached.
• Greater reduction in long-glances predicted better simulated driving outcomes at 1 and 6 months post-training, though not naturalistic driving.
• Younger teens with less driving experience benefited most from FOCAL+ during training.

Conclusions:

• FOCAL+ training demonstrates a significant reduction in long-glances, starting from the first training session.
• Completing the full five sessions of FOCAL+ training early in a teen's driving experience may optimize the benefits for driving safety.