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Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Control strategy under pressure situations: performance pressure conditionally enhances proactive control.

Zhenliang Liu1, Rixin Tang2

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.

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Performance pressure enhances proactive control, a sustained attention strategy, rather than reactive control. This shift in attentional control under pressure is crucial for understanding performance dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Performance Psychology

Background:

  • Attentional control is key to understanding performance decrements under pressure (choking).
  • Two main attentional control strategies exist: proactive (sustained) and reactive (transient).
  • The impact of performance pressure on these specific control strategies remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how performance pressure influences proactive and reactive attentional control strategies.
  • To examine the dynamic adjustments in attentional control under high-pressure conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a continuous performance task (AX-CPT40) under induced pressure.
  • Behavioral data, including response bias and reaction times (RTs), were analyzed.
  • Proactive control was assessed using a behavioral index derived from RTs across different intervals.

Main Results:

  • Individuals under high pressure favored proactive control over reactive control.
  • Pressure led to a more liberal response bias after an A-cue, indicating increased proactive control.
  • Enhanced proactive control was observed primarily in the short cue-probe interval, not the long one.

Conclusions:

  • Performance pressure conditionally enhances proactive attentional control.
  • High-pressure situations may limit the application of proactive control when extensive attentional resources are needed.
  • Findings deepen the understanding of how control strategies dynamically adjust under pressure.