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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...

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When to Pull the Trigger: Conceptual Considerations for Approximating Head Acceleration Events Using Instrumented

James Tooby1, Kevin Till2,3, Andrew Gardner2,4

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Head acceleration events (HAEs) are a significant concern in sports due to potential brain injury risks.
  • Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) are used to approximate HAEs, providing valuable data for injury prevention research.
  • Understanding the limitations of iMGs is crucial for accurate interpretation of HAE data in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the technical limitations of iMGs in approximating HAEs.
  • To discuss conceptual considerations for interpreting iMG data by stakeholders.
  • To highlight the impact of false positives and false negatives on HAE exposure estimations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sensor acceleration events recorded by iMGs.
  • Distinction between sensor events, iMG data, and in vivo HAEs.
  • Review of mechanisms contributing to false positives and false negatives in iMG data.

Main Results:

  • iMG-based HAE approximation is constrained by false positives (recording events that did not occur) and false negatives (failing to record actual events).
  • Video verification and post-processing algorithms effectively reduce false positives.
  • Mitigation strategies for false negatives are less comprehensive, leading to potential underestimation of HAE exposures.

Conclusions:

  • Current iMG research likely underestimates athlete HAE exposures, particularly for lower-magnitude events, due to unaddressed false negatives.
  • Future research should focus on mitigating false negatives in iMG technology.
  • Existing iMG datasets require careful interpretation, considering the potential underestimation of HAE exposures.