[Immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus]

Krisztina Arapovicsné Kiss1, Anna Tóth1, László Schandl1

  • 11 Észak-budai Szent János Centrumkórház, II. Belgyógyászat-Diabetológia Budapest, Diós árok 1-3., 1125 Magyarország.

Orvosi Hetilap
|March 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Recent advances in immunotherapy offer new hope for delaying insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus. This approach may reshape disease management and identify at-risk individuals for early intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition.
  • Early genetic, immunological, and metabolic changes precede clinical T1DM onset.
  • Previous prevention trials had limited success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on immunotherapy for T1DM.
  • To highlight the potential of immunotherapy in managing T1DM.
  • To discuss the implications for clinical practice and patient identification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in T1DM immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of the risk-benefit profile of emerging immunotherapies.
  • Discussion of the potential impact on T1DM treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy for T1DM has reached a stage where benefits may outweigh risks.
  • New treatment options could delay the need for insulin therapy.
  • Identifying high-risk patients for T1DM is becoming more feasible.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a promising frontier in T1DM management.
  • Early intervention strategies are being reshaped by immunological advancements.
  • The potential to delay insulin dependence could significantly alter patient outcomes.

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.6K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
524
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
282
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
170
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.4K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
928