Revolutionizing bone tumor management: cutting-edge breakthroughs in limb-saving treatments

Limb salvage surgery has revolutionized the approach to bone tumors in orthopedic oncology, steering away from historical amputations toward preserving limb function and enhancing patient quality of life. This transformative shift underscores the delicate balance between tumor eradication and optimal postoperative function. Primary and metastatic bone tumors present challenges in early detection, differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, preservation of function, and the risk of local recurrence. Conventional methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, have evolved with a heightened focus on personalized medicine. A groundbreaking development in limb salvage surgery is the advent of 3D-printed patient-specific implants, which significantly enhance anatomical precision, stability, and fixation. These implants reduce soft tissue disruption and the associated risks, fostering improved osseointegration and correction of deformities for a more natural and functional postoperative outcome. Biological and molecular research has reshaped the understanding of bone tumors, guiding surgical interventions with advancements such as genomic profiling, targeted intraoperative imaging, precision targeting of molecular pathways, and immunotherapy tailored to individual tumor characteristics. In the realm of imaging technologies, MRI, CT scans, and intraoperative navigation systems have redefined preoperative planning, minimizing collateral damage and optimizing outcomes through accurate resections. Postoperative rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring function and improving the quality of life. Emphasizing early mobilization, effective pain management, and a multidisciplinary approach, rehabilitation addresses the physical, psychological, and social aspects of recovery. Looking ahead, future developments may encompass advanced biomaterials, smart implants, AI algorithms, robotics, and regenerative medicine. Challenges lie in standardization, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, long-term outcome assessment, mental health support, and fostering global collaboration. As research progresses, limb salvage surgery emerges not just as a preservation tool but as a transformative approach, restoring functionality, resilience, and hope in the recovery journey. This review summarizes the recent advances in limb salvage therapy for bone tumors over the past decade.