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Developing and Validating the Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE) Scale
Seok In Nam1, Sejin Kim2, Hyojin Nam1
1Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Abstract:
The Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale encompasses not only older adults' personal motivation and growth but also the meaning for them in society and in their relationships: With this scale, we aimed to present their voices. A three-phase process was followed: The scale's items were developed empirically from interviews of older adults; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to test convergent and concurrent validity; and finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. EFA resulted in 18 items grouped into 4 factors (i.e., proactive on life, overcoming emptiness, acceptance in life, and social contribution), which was supported by the CFA.
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