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Developing and Validating the Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE) Scale.

Seok In Nam1, Sejin Kim2, Hyojin Nam1

  • 1Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

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Summary

This study developed the Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale to capture older adults' perspectives on personal growth, societal roles, and relationships. The validated 18-item scale identifies four key factors contributing to a meaningful life in later years.

Keywords:
Meaning in lifemeasurementscale validation

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Meaning in life is crucial for well-being, particularly in older adults.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture the multifaceted nature of meaning for seniors.
  • Understanding older adults' perspectives is vital for promoting positive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new scale measuring meaning in life specifically for older adults.
  • To capture the unique dimensions of meaning as perceived by seniors.
  • To provide a tool for assessing older adults' personal motivation, societal roles, and relationships.

Main Methods:

  • A three-phase development process involving interviews with older adults.
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify underlying factors.
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to validate the scale's structure and psychometric properties.

Main Results:

  • The Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale consists of 18 items.
  • Four distinct factors emerged: proactive on life, overcoming emptiness, acceptance in life, and social contribution.
  • Both EFA and CFA supported the scale's validity and reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale offers a robust measure of meaning in life for older adults.
  • The scale captures key dimensions of meaning, including personal growth, societal integration, and relationships.
  • This tool can aid researchers and clinicians in understanding and supporting older adults' pursuit of a meaningful life.