Carbon Dot Based Carbon Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Anticancer Agents
Narmin Hamaamin Hussen1, Aso Hameed Hasan2,3, Yar Muhammed FaqiKhedr1
1Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
Abstract:
Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs are widely used due to increasing widespread infectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacterial, fungal, viral agents, or cancer cells, which are one of the major causes of mortality globally. Nevertheless, several microorganisms developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of genetic changes that have occurred over an extended period. Carbon-based materials, particularly carbon dots (C-dots), are potential candidates for antibacterial and anticancer nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high dispersibility in aqueous conditions, and promising biocompatibility. In this Review, the content is divided into four sections. The first section concentrates on C-dot structures, surface functionalization, and morphology. Following that, we summarize C-dot classifications and preparation methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, and so on. The antimicrobial applications of C-dots as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents both in vivo and in vitro are discussed. Finally, we thoroughly examined the anticancer activity displayed by C-dots.
Insights
Carbon dots (C-dots) show promise as novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents, offering a low-toxicity alternative to traditional drugs facing increasing microbial resistance. This review explores their structure, synthesis, and therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Rising global mortality from infectious diseases and cancer.
- Increasing microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics.
- Need for novel therapeutic agents with low toxicity and high efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structure, classification, and synthesis of carbon dots (C-dots).
- To explore the antimicrobial applications of C-dots against bacterial, fungal, and viral agents.
- To examine the anticancer activities of C-dots for therapeutic development.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on carbon dot synthesis and characterization.
- Analysis of studies on C-dot antimicrobial efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
- Evaluation of research on C-dot anticancer mechanisms and applications.
Main Results:
- C-dots exhibit low toxicity, good dispersibility, and biocompatibility.
- C-dots demonstrate significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
- C-dots show promising anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines.
Conclusions:
- Carbon dots are versatile nanomaterials with significant potential in antimicrobial and anticancer therapies.
- Further research into C-dot functionalization and targeted delivery can enhance their clinical applicability.
- C-dots represent a promising avenue for developing next-generation therapeutic agents.
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