Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
07:00

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

Published on: February 26, 2019

9.5K

Evaluating the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of incretin-based treatments for hypothalamic obesity: A

Dionysios V Chartoumpekis1, Evagelia E Habeos2, Aristea Psilopanagioti2

  • 1Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Obesity Pillars
|March 11, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists show promise for hypothalamic obesity treatment. Further research is needed to confirm efficacy and understand GLP-1 receptor function in the brain for this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hypothalamic obesity is an underdiagnosed condition lacking predictive markers and standardized treatments.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are emerging as potential therapies for obesity.
  • Their efficacy and mechanisms in hypothalamic obesity require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on GLP-1 receptor expression in the brain and the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in hypothalamic obesity.
  • To analyze current evidence and identify knowledge gaps regarding this therapeutic approach.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of research papers on GLP-1 receptor detection and function in hypothalamic and cerebral regions.
  • Examination of clinical studies and case reports on GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment for hypothalamic obesity.
  • Inclusion of a clinical case presentation for contextual illustration.

Main Results:

  • Clinical evidence for GLP-1 receptor agonist efficacy in hypothalamic obesity is currently limited.
  • Preliminary data suggest potential benefits, especially in younger patients, but outcomes vary.
  • GLP-1 receptors are present in brain regions relevant to obesity, suggesting a possible mechanism of action even with hypothalamic damage.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1 receptor agonists may offer a therapeutic option for hypothalamic obesity.
  • More clinical and translational research is essential to validate efficacy across diverse presentations and elucidate receptor functionality in the brain.
Keywords:
GLP-1RGlp-1HypothalamusObeseSemaglutide

More Related Videos

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

9.3K
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

94.4K

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
321
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
186
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
199
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
154
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
175
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
228