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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

367
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

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PIKfyve controls dendritic cell function and tumor immunity.

Jae Eun Choi1,2, Yuanyuan Qiao1,2,3, Ilona Kryczek4,5

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting PIKfyve enhances dendritic cell (DC) function, improving cancer immunotherapy. PIKfyve inhibition boosts DC-mediated T cell immunity and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy, offering new strategies for cancer vaccines.

Keywords:
NF-κBPIKfyveantigen-specific T cellapilimodcancer vaccinedendritic cellimmune checkpoint blockadekinase inhibitortumor

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Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer treatment increasingly utilizes immunotherapy and targeted therapies like protein kinase inhibitors.
  • Mechanisms linking cancer-targeting drugs to dendritic cell (DC) mobilization and immunotherapy effectiveness remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PIKFYVE gene expression in patient response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).
  • To explore the impact of PIKfyve inhibition on DC function and anti-tumor immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PIKFYVE expression in relation to ICB response in cancer patients.
  • Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of PIKfyve in dendritic cells.
  • Evaluation of tumor growth, T cell immunity, and ICB efficacy in preclinical mouse models.
  • Assessment of apilimod (PIKfyve inhibitor) in combination with vaccine adjuvants.

Main Results:

  • High PIKFYVE expression correlated with poorer complete response to ICB and reduced DC function.
  • PIKfyve ablation in DCs enhanced their function through the non-canonical NF-κB pathway.
  • PIKfyve inhibition (genetic or apilimod) suppressed tumor growth and improved DC-dependent T cell responses.
  • Apilimod treatment potentiated ICB efficacy and, with a vaccine adjuvant, reduced tumor progression in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • PIKfyve acts as a negative regulator of dendritic cell function.
  • PIKfyve inhibition demonstrates significant potential for enhancing cancer immunotherapy and vaccine strategies.