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Hypomagnesemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in patients with long COVID

Fernando Guerrero-Romero1, Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez1, Martha Rodríguez-Morán1

  • 1Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Dgo, México.

Magnesium Research
|March 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Long COVID patients frequently experience hypomagnesemia and vitamin D deficiency, which correlate with more severe clinical symptoms. Addressing these deficiencies may help manage long COVID manifestations.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Long COVID, a prolonged course of coronavirus disease-2019, presents with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Hypomagnesemia and vitamin D deficiency are frequently observed in patients with long COVID.
  • These deficiencies are linked to various neurological and physical symptoms experienced by patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in long COVID patients.
  • To evaluate the association between these deficiencies and the number of clinical manifestations in long COVID.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 125 adults diagnosed with long COVID.
  • Participants were categorized into a risk group (hypomagnesemia and/or vitamin D deficiency) and a control group.
  • Serum magnesium levels ≤1.8 mg/dL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <30 ng/mL defined deficiency.

Main Results:

  • The risk group exhibited a significantly higher number of long COVID clinical manifestations compared to the control group.
  • Fatigue, memory loss, attention deficits, joint pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, myalgia, and depression were common in the risk group.
  • An adjusted odds ratio of 3.1 (95% CI 2.3-12.4, p=0.005) indicated a significant association between hypomagnesemia and vitamin D deficiency in long COVID.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with long COVID frequently have deficiencies in magnesium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
  • These deficiencies correlate with an increased number of clinical manifestations associated with long COVID.
  • Further research into supplementation may be warranted to alleviate long COVID symptoms.

Keywords:
AssociationMagnesiumlong-COVIDvitamin D

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