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Second stage labor: what is normal?

S McKay, J Roberts

    Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Spontaneous pushing during the second stage of labor, with or without breath-holding, maintains maternal and fetal well-being. Utilizing diverse maternal positions can enhance comfort and physiological function during this crucial labor phase.

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    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Labor and Delivery

    Background:

    • Traditional interventions in the second stage of labor are increasingly questioned.
    • Current understanding emphasizes normal physiological processes during spontaneous labor progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of spontaneous pushing versus directed pushing on maternal and fetal status.
    • To assess the role of maternal positioning in optimizing second stage labor outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational study analyzing spontaneous pushing behaviors (breath-holding or brief exhalation).
    • Comparison of labor duration and maternal/fetal physiological markers.
    • Inclusion of data on the use of various maternal positions.

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    Main Results:

    • Spontaneous pushing, with or without breath-holding, does not appear to prolong the second stage of labor.
    • Normal maternal and fetal physiological status is maintained during spontaneous pushing.
    • Varied maternal positions during the second stage optimize physiological functioning and maternal comfort.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous, urge-led pushing is a safe and effective approach for the second stage of labor.
    • Interventions in the second stage of labor may not be necessary when physiological processes are supported.
    • Encouraging diverse maternal positions can improve the experience and outcomes of the second stage of labor.