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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Cell-Free Protein Expression in Polymer Materials.

Marilyn S Lee1, Jennifer A Lee1,2, John R Biondo1,3

  • 1U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|March 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions, when dried, can survive harsh plastic manufacturing processes. This enables the creation of smart plastics with built-in biological functions, like producing antimicrobials or sensing environmental changes.

Keywords:
biosynthesiscell-free protein synthesispolymersprotein stabilitysensingsynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Materials science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Synthetic biology applications are often limited to aqueous environments.
  • Incorporating biological functions into synthetic materials like plastics is challenging due to harsh processing conditions.
  • Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) offers a potential solution by reconstituting cellular functions outside of living cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability and utility of dried cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions in the context of polymer material processing.
  • To demonstrate the creation of functional materials using CFPS integrated into plastics.

Main Methods:

  • Dried CFPS reactions were subjected to heat and organic solvent exposure typical of polymer casting processes.
  • The viability and functionality of CFPS components after exposure were assessed.
  • Functional plastics were fabricated by incorporating these robust CFPS systems.

Main Results:

  • Dried CFPS reactions exhibited remarkable tolerance to heat and organic solvents during material casting.
  • The study successfully created plastics with spatially patterned genetic functionality.
  • These engineered plastics demonstrated in situ production of antimicrobials and sensing capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-free protein synthesis provides a viable method for integrating programmable biological functions into solid-state materials.
  • This approach overcomes limitations associated with cellular viability and genetic containment in synthetic materials.
  • The developed technology opens new avenues for creating advanced, biofunctional plastics for diverse applications.