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Oriented Surfaces01:30

Oriented Surfaces

A surface is called orientable if a consistent choice of unit normal vector can be made at every point on the surface. A thin soap film stretched across a wire loop provides a familiar example. The film separates the air on one side from the air on the other, so one side can be selected as positive and the opposite side as negative. Once this choice is made, a unit normal vector can be assigned smoothly across the entire surface.At each point on the soap film, a unit normal vector points...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Uniaxial-Oriented Perovskite Films with Controllable Orientation.

Dongni Li1, Xiangyu Sun1, Yao Zhang1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study explores (111)- and (001)-oriented perovskite films, revealing orientation-dependent properties like trap types and stability. Optimized perovskite solar cells achieved high efficiency and excellent durability.

Keywords:
film propertiesorientationperovskitephase separationstability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Perovskite films are gaining attention for their large crystal size and preferred orientation, offering advantages over polycrystalline films.
  • Research on the facet properties of perovskite films is limited, hindering targeted optimization for electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and investigate the orientation-dependent properties of (111)- and (001)-oriented perovskite films.
  • To understand the relationship between atomic arrangement, electronic properties, and stability in differently oriented perovskite films.
  • To evaluate the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells based on these orientations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of (111)- and (001)-oriented perovskite films with tunable bandgaps (1.53–1.77 eV).
  • Systematic investigation of orientation-dependent electronic properties, including trap types and work function.
  • Assessment of water/oxygen robustness and ion migration characteristics.
  • Fabrication and testing of unencapsulated perovskite solar cells.

Main Results:

  • (111)-oriented films exhibited electron-dominated traps, lower work function, and superior water/oxygen robustness compared to (001)-oriented films.
  • (001)-oriented films showed hole-dominated traps and facilitated ion migration, while (111)-oriented films suppressed ion migration and enhanced phase stability.
  • Both (111)- and (001)-oriented perovskite solar cells achieved high efficiencies of approximately 23%.
  • The (111)-oriented solar cell demonstrated exceptional stability, retaining 95% efficiency after 1500 hours of maximum power point tracking and 97% after 3000 hours of ambient aging.

Conclusions:

  • Perovskite film orientation significantly influences electronic properties, ion migration, and environmental stability.
  • (111)-oriented perovskite films offer a promising pathway for developing highly stable and efficient solar cells.
  • This research provides a foundation for the rational design and optimization of uniaxial-oriented perovskite films for diverse electronic applications.