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Sleep and social-emotional problems in preschool-age children with developmental delay

Evin Ilter Bahadur1, Pinar Zengin Akkus1, Ayse Nur Coskun2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Sleep and Biological Rhythms
|March 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Sleep problems are common in preschoolers, affecting over half of children regardless of developmental status. Addressing sleep issues may improve social-emotional development in children with typical development and neurodevelopmental delays.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep problems and social-emotional (SE) issues are prevalent in preschoolers.
  • Cultural factors influence sleep and SE development, yet research in non-Western contexts is limited.
  • Understanding the sleep-SE link in diverse populations is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sleep problems between Turkish children with typical development (TD) and neurodevelopmental delay (NDD).
  • To investigate the association between sleep problems and SE problems in these two groups.
  • To identify specific sleep-related factors contributing to SE problems in preschoolers.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 126 children with NDD and 102 children with TD.
  • Parental completion of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE).
  • Statistical analyses including correlation and multivariate analysis to examine relationships between sleep and SE variables.

Main Results:

  • Over half of children in both TD (54.4%) and NDD (72.2%) groups experienced sleep problems.
  • Significant positive correlations were found between CSHQ and ASQ:SE scores in both NDD (r=0.44) and TD (r=0.352) groups (p<0.001).
  • Shorter sleep duration (<9h) and, in TD, late sleep onset (>23:01h) were associated with lower SE scores. Male gender, lower income, bedtime resistance, and shorter sleep duration were linked to SE problems in NDD.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep problems are highly prevalent in preschoolers, irrespective of developmental status.
  • A significant association exists between sleep disturbances and social-emotional problems in Turkish preschoolers.
  • Interventions targeting sleep problems may offer a pathway to enhance social-emotional development in children.

Keywords:
Developmental delayPreschool childrenSleep problemsSocial–emotional problems

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